Diagrams of Carrot Root Shapes

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Top row includes original European types; bottom two rows are major types grown worldwide today
common root shapes of carrot

Ernst Benary, (1819-1893) -

Album Benary. (Erfurt) 1876

Identification (left to right):

Top row -

1. Long Orange Belgian, green top;
2. Transparent White;
3. Scarlet Intermediate;
4. Semi long Scarlet Obtuse, for forcing;
5. Long yellow;
6. Large White Belgian, green top;

Bottom row -

7. Earliest red Duwick, for forcing;
8. Long Red Erfurt;
9. Improved Long Red Altringham [sic];
10. Long Red Surrey;
11. Semi-long Scarlet Nantes, or Stump-rooted;
12. Early Long Scarlet, short-leaved;
13. Earliest Scarlet French Horn

This photo (below) is a good representative sample of carrots, used in the 2014 research study entitled - New insights into domestication of carrot from root transcriptome analyses (Rong et al.: New insights into domestication of carrot from root transcriptome analyses. BMC Genomics 2014 15:895.)

For information here is the full classification of a carrot:

Kingdom Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass Rosidae
Order Apiales
Family Apiaceae – Carrot family
Genus Daucus L. – wild carrot P
Species Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus- domestic carrot

(It is generally accepted that domestic carrot is drawn from the wild variety)

Note - Some classifications show Umbelliferae rather than Apiaceae